How to become a landlord: a guide to renting out a property in the UK

Who counts as a landlord? What are your responsibilities if you become one? In this article, we break down the key considerations for anyone thinking of becoming a landlord in the UK, keeping you on the right side of the regulations.

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Am I a landlord?

There are lots of reasons why you might be thinking of letting your property. Maybe you want to try before you buy in another area. Maybe you’re moving away for work for a while. Your decision could be spurred on by any number of life events and choices.

If you're just renting out the flat or house you've been living in, you may not think of yourself as a landlord. But as far as all the rules and regulations are concerned, you’re classed as a landlord if you rent out a property.

What’s a resident landlord?

Your responsibilities will be different depending on whether or not you live with your tenants in the property you're renting out.

If you’re letting rooms in a property that’s also your main home, this makes you a resident landlord. Besides needing to keep the property safe and in good repair, there are some added benefits to this setup:

• you get to set the agreed rent
• you can give less notice to end a lease
• you may be able to earn £7,500 tax-free rent a year from the Rent a Room Scheme

Rental property health and safety requirements

All landlords are obliged to keep their rental properties safe and free of health hazards.

Gas and electricity safety

Your responsibilities include making sure all gas and electric equipment and appliances are safe and in good working order. You can read more about landlord safety responsibilities, including getting a gas safety certificate and the new landlord electrical safety standards in our articles on these specific subjects.

Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors

You’ll also need to fit and maintain smoke detectors and carbon monoxide alarms.

Council inspections

It’s worth noting that the council can decide to do a Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) inspection. They might inspect your rental property if your tenants have asked them to, or if a survey has revealed that your property could be hazardous.

Coronavirus health and safety measures

Gov.uk reminds landlords that their responsibilities haven’t changed due to coronavirus. However, their advice is to only visit the property in person for urgent issues – for example, if your tenants are without hot water, heating or toilet facilities, or there's a safety risk.

You can read the government coronavirus and renting guidance for more information.

Maintenance responsibilities for landlords

Besides sticking to the rules on keeping your property on the right side of the health and safety regulations mentioned above, you also need to keep your property in good condition.

Repairs you’re likely to be responsible for include:

• structural repairs
• repairs to sinks, baths, toilets etc.
• boiler and heating system repairs
• fixing things you damage while making repairs
• other serious damage to the property
• repairs to common areas, if it’s a flat

Keeping an eye on your finances (and there's more on this below), it’s worth doing your research on how much maintaining your rental property could cost you – our article is a good place to start your landlord costs calculations.

You'll also need to make sure you get an Energy Performance Certificate if you're renting out your property.

Gaining access to your rental property

To make repairs, you may need to access your property while tenants are living in it, but you need to give them at least 24 hours’ notice, unless it’s an emergency that needs dealing with straight away.

Your tenants may also be able to claim for a rent reduction if the repairs you need to make are very disruptive. This is known as ‘rent abatement’.

If you don’t carry out repairs, your tenants may take you to the small claims court, or they may get the repair work done themselves and deduct the cost from their rent. They could also ask the council to carry out a Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) inspection.

Landlord legal and financial responsibilities

There's a certain level of money management required if you become a landlord, as you'll be legally responsible for things like securing the deposit from your tenants and paying tax to HMRC. You may also need to make sure rent is paid in good time for you to meet your monthly mortgage payments, if you have one.

Check your tenants' right to rent

Whether you have a tenancy agreement in place or not, if you're renting out your property, you'll need to check all those who are living in it (and are over 18) have the right to rent in the UK. You can sign up for email updates on the government's right to rent policy on the government website.

Protecting your tenants’ deposit

You’re required by law to put your tenant’s deposit into a government-approved scheme until the end of the tenancy. There’s more on this in our landlord’s guide to tenancy deposit schemes.

Tax and National Insurance

It’s also worth noting that earning money from renting out a property is treated the same as earning any other income. This means you need to pay tax, minus any related expenses, on your income, including any rent you take in.

You don’t pay tax on the first £1,000 of income you get from renting out property you personally own. If your annual income from property rental is £2,500 or more, you need to declare it on a Self Assessment tax return.

There's more on Self Assessment for landlords in our article.

If your income from renting out your property is between £1,000 and £2,500 a year, the government website says you should contact HMRC.

You only need to pay Class 2 National Insurance as a landlord if:

• your profits are £6,475 a year or more
• being a landlord is your main job
• you rent out more than one property
• you buy properties to rent out

Should landlords use an agent?

If you let through an agent, they’ll be able to tell you the going rate for similar rental properties in the area. An agent can also manage viewings, inventories, tenancy checks, lease setup and tenancy checkout for you.

If you want even less hassle, most will also fully manage your rental property for you, taking care of things like repairs and mid-term inspections. But this service usually comes at a higher cost than if they’re just doing the initial marketing and tenancy agreement.

If you do decide to go without an agent, and it’s your first go at being a landlord, make sure you do your research. Portals like OpenRent offer a completely free advertising option if you're choosing to do it yourself to keep your costs as low as possible – just make sure you take into account all the time and effort you'll need to spend on managing the tenancy.

How much rent can landlords charge?

It’s easy to find information on how much rent other landlords are charging with a quick search on one of the major property portals, like Rightmove, OnTheMarket or Zoopla.

We’ve also got information on where in the UK landlords get the best buy-to-let rental yields so you can see how your area compares to others around the country.

What insurance do landlords need?

Some people renting out a property for the first time mistakenly think that a standard home insurance policy will cover them. It won’t.

While landlord insurance isn’t required by law, it can protect your financial interests and give you peace of mind, just in case something goes wrong during a tenancy.

You can choose from a wide range of covers depending on the level of risk you’re prepared to live with. Besides the standard landlord insurance policy, some also choose to cover themselves for:

• loss of rent
• accidental damage
• landlord home emergency cover
• rent guarantee insurance

Unoccupied property cover is always worth bearing in mind if you think your property is going to be vacant for any length of time.

What rights do landlords have to take back possession of their property?

There are some situations in which landlords may be entitled to take back possession of their property before the end of the lease term. These include but are not limited to:

• the property being unfit to live in
• late or non- payment of rent
• repossession by the landlord’s mortgage lender
• breaching the terms of the tenancy agreement
• causing damage
• anti-social behaviour
• fabricating credit checks or references

The situation on evictions changed during the coronavirus outbreak. Read more on this in our article on the ban on evictions due to Covid-19.

What if the property is an HMO?

If you let your property to three or more tenants, who form one household but aren’t in the same family, your property may fall into the House in Multiple Occupation (HMO) category.

You need a licence for an HMO if five or more people live there. You can find out what you need to know about the rules on HMOs in our article.

Did you buy your property to let it out or did you unintentionally end up being a landlord? Tell us about your experience in the comments section.