How to apply for (and check) an EORI number (2025 guide)

You’ll need an EORI number if your business imports or exports goods from the UK. Since the UK left the European Union, the type of EORI number you need may have changed.

Here’s everything you need to know about getting (and checking) an EORI number.

What is an EORI number?

An EORI number (Economic Operators Registration and Identification number) is a unique ID used by UK businesses and individuals that trade goods internationally.

Your EORI number will be 12 digits long, start with ‘GB’ and, if you’re VAT registered, it’ll include your VAT registration number.

It’s required when importing or exporting goods between the UK and non-EU countries, and in some cases, when moving goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Your EORI number helps UK customs authorities track and process shipments efficiently. Without one, your goods could be delayed at the border or even refused clearance.

The only exception is trade between Northern Ireland and Ireland – you won’t need an EORI number to buy and sell between these two countries.

What is an EORI number used for?

An EORI number is used by customs to manage businesses that import or export physical goods to another country.

EORI numbers are used to:

• identify traders that import or export goods to other countries
• complete customs declarations and clearances

Who needs an EORI number?

You’ll need an EORI number if you or your business:

• moves goods between Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales) and any other country (including Northern Ireland, the EU, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands)
• imports or export goods for commercial purposes
• appoints someone to handle customs processes on your behalf (e.g. a freight agent or courier)
• submit customs declarations, Intrastat reports, or import VAT returns

If you only provide services and don’t move physical goods, you usually don’t need an EORI number.

Types of EORI numbers

There are different types of EORI numbers depending on your trading location:

If you already have an EORI number but it doesn’t start with GB, it’s likely you’ll need to apply for a new one. Meanwhile, if you’re sending goods to and from Northern Ireland, you may need an extra EORI number that begins with XI.

How long does it take?

Most applications are processed automatically and completed within a few minutes. However, if your business information needs manual verification, it can take up to five working days.

Reminder: your business needs to be based in the country you’re moving goods to or from

Your business will usually need to be based in the country you want to import to or export from – this is known as ‘being established’.

The government website has more information on getting an EORI number if your business isn’t based in the country you’re moving goods to or from.

How to check an EORI number

As well as applying for your own EORI number, you may need to check another business’s EORI number:

• you can check UK EORI numbers on the UK government website
• you can check EU EORI numbers on the European Commission’s website

On either website, enter the EORI number into the field and check the details are what you’re expecting to see. 

If the number is invalid, go back to your trading partner and double check you have the correct one. You can also request confirmation from the relevant customs authority.

What happens if you don’t have one?

If you try to move goods without an EORI number:

• your goods may be held at customs
• you could face additional charges or delays
• your courier or freight forwarder may refuse to handle your shipment

Applying before your first shipment ensures smoother customs clearance.

Common EORI FAQs

Can I check if I already have an EORI number?

Yes – you can check if you already have an EORI number by using the EORI number validation tool on the EU Commission’s website.

Do sole traders need an EORI number?

Yes, if you’re a sole trader who imports or exports goods, you’ll still need an EORI number – even if you’re not VAT-registered.

Do I need both a GB and XI EORI?

You’ll need both a GB and XI EORI number if you move goods between Northern Ireland and the EU as well as between Great Britain and other countries.

How much does an EORI number cost?

EORI numbers are free to apply for on the government website.

How many EORI numbers do I need?

The amount of EORI numbers you need depends on where you’re importing and exporting goods. You may only need a UK EORI number, or you may need EU or Northern Ireland EORI numbers too.

More guides for small business owners

• Rules you need to know if you import or export from the EU
• Brexit VAT changes: a guide for small businesses
• Self Assessment and tax resource
• How much business insurance do I need?